FEDERAL COMMERCE NAV. CO. v. M/V MARATHONIAN, 528 F.2d 907 (2nd Cir. 1975)

FEDERAL COMMERCE NAVIGATION COMPANY, LTD., PLAINTIFF-APPELLANT, v. THE M/V MARATHONIAN, HER ENGINES, ETC. AND EUROPA SHIPPING CORPORATION, DEFENDANTS-APPELLEES.

No. 198, Docket 75-7274.United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.Argued December 3, 1975.
Decided December 29, 1975. Certiorari Denied May 19, 1976.

Nicholas J. Healy, New York City (Healy Baillie, Edward J. Miller, New York City, of counsel), for plaintiff-appellant.

Kenneth H. Volk, New York City (Burlingham, Underwood Lord, Michael C. Bynane, New York City, of counsel), for defendants-appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Before KAUFMAN, Chief Judge, and SMITH and FEINBERG, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:

[1] Federal Commerce Navigation Company, Ltd., time charterer of the M/V ROLWI, sued in the district court for the Southern District of New York for damages of some $700,000 sustained while the ROLWI was laid up as a result of damage sustained in a collision with the M/V MARATHONIAN, owned and operated by defendant Europa Shipping Corporation. [2] The district court, John M. Cannella, Judge, in a considered and thorough opinion reluctantly dismissed the action as not sustainable in the light of Robins Dry Dock Repair Co. v. Flint, 275 U.S. 303, 48 S.Ct. 134, 72 L.Ed. 290 (1927), which denied relief for damages sustained by a time charterer. 392 F.Supp. 908 (S.D.N.Y. 1975). We find no error and affirm the judgment. [3] Appellant contends that Robins is unsound, has been eroded and should not be followed, and in the alternative that intentional wrongdoing on the part of defendant takes the case out of the rule of Robins based on negligent interference with contract. [4] The short answer to the second claim is that excessive speed in foggy conditions falls short of intentional damage.

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[5] The first claim is somewhat more substantial, for the basis for denial of relief to the time charterer in Robins has come under strong scholarly criticism. See F. James, Limitations on Liability for Economic Loss Caused by Negligence: A Pragmatic Appraisal, 25 Vand.L.Rev. 43, 55-57 (1972);[1] 1 F. Harper
F. James, The Law of Torts § 6.10 at 501-05 (1956); see also W. L. Prosser, Law of Torts § 129, at 939, 940 (4th ed. 1971). [6] We are unable, however, to discern any indication that the Supreme Court has moved away from the Robins rule. The only case since Robins cited to us, Aktieselskabet Cuzco v. The Sucarseco, 294 U.S. 394, 55 S.Ct. 467, 79 L.Ed. 942 (1935), explicitly distinguished Robins and the admiralty texts recognize the continued force of the rule. See, e. g., Poor Charter Parties and Ocean Bills of Lading 25 (5th ed. 1968); Scrutton, Charterparties and Bills of Lading 49 (18th ed. 1974). [7] The Robins rule appears to be based on a contract theory, denying relief to one injured by negligent interference with contract, although an effort is also made by appellee to justify the rule on the basis of remoteness of injury. If free to do so, we might question whether at least the damage to the principal time charterer is not so reasonably to be expected as to justify recovery. See Petition of Kinsman Transit Co., 388 F.2d 821, 823-24 (2d Cir. 1968). But there are arguments to the contrary, such as the difficulty in drawing the line in a field where successive subcharters are not uncommon common and rapid and wide fluctuations of rates of charter hire not unknown. [8] In any case, “the Supreme Court should retain the exclusive privilege of overruling its own decisions, save perhaps when opinions already delivered have created a near certainty that only the occasion is needed for pronouncement of the doom.”Salerno v. American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, 429 F.2d 1003, 1005 (2d Cir. 1970).[2] The judgment is affirmed.

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