R.S. v. BD. OF EDUC., 371 Fed.Appx. 231 (2nd Cir. 2010)

Nos. 09-2680-cv, 09-2923-cv.United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit.
April 9, 2010.

Page 232

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Paul G. Gardephe, Judge).

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED, AND DECREED that the judgment entered on June 3, 2009, is AFFIRMED.

James R. Marsh, White Plains, NY, for Appellants.

Brian M. Sher (Joan M. Gilbride, on the brief), Kaufman Borgeest Ryan LLP, New York, NY, for Appellees.

PRESENT: ROBERT D. SACK, REENA RAGGI, PETER W. HALL, Circuit Judges.

SUMMARY ORDER
Plaintiffs, S.S., a former student in the Hastings-on-Hudson Union Free School District (the “School District”), and her parents, R.S. and D.S., appeal a grant of summary judgment in favor of defendants on their claim that the School District Board of Education and individual school officials violated Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (“Title IX”), 20 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq., and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by failing to protect S.S. from sexual harassment. Summary judgment is proper if “there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and . . . the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c). We review the district court’s award of summary judgment de novo, “resolving all ambiguities and drawing all permissible factual inferences in favor of the party against whom summary judgment is sought.” Burg v. Gosselin, 591 F.3d 95, 97 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). In applying this standard, we assume familiarity with the facts and procedural record, which we reference only as necessary to explain our decision to affirm.

1. Title IX

To prevail on their Title IX claim, plaintiffs must demonstrate (1) that the School District acted with “deliberate indifference” to sexual harassment (2) that was “so severe, pervasive, and objectively offensive that it effectively bar[red] . . . access to an educational opportunity or benefit.”Davis v. Monroe County Bd. of Educ., 526 U.S. 629, 633, 119 S.Ct. 1661, 143 L.Ed.2d 839 (1999). Upon de novo
review, we agree with the district court that the evidence is insufficient to raise a triable question of fact on the second issue.[1]

Page 233

Plaintiffs’ claim is based on three email messages received by S.S. during a ten-day period in March 2005, when she was a ninth-grader at Hastings-on-Hudson High School, on an email account maintained by the School District. Originating from the email account of M.X., a classmate, the first message was profane and disparaged S.S.’s appearance; the second (sent the next day) contained a crude sexual request; and the third declared, in explicit terms, the author’s intent to have sex with S.S. S.S. promptly reported the emails to School District staff, including defendant Assistant Principal Michael Rossi, who had been informed of similar emails sent to at least one other female student from the same account at about the same time. School District staff discussed the emails with S.S.’s parents and questioned M.X., who denied sending the emails and claimed other students had gained access to his email password. The School District changed M.X.’s password and disabled his account, though there is evidence that it did not take these actions until May 2005. The sender of the emails was never conclusively identified. Plaintiffs contend that the School District’s investigation was inadequate and that the resulting uncertainty caused S.S. considerable anxiety. It is undisputed, however, that S.S. received no further offensive emails and that she finished the school year with high academic honors.

We agree with the district court that the record is insufficient as a matter of law to permit a reasonable jury to find that S.S. endured harassment so severe and pervasive as to have effectively denied her access to educational resources and opportunities. See Davis v. Monroe County Bd. of Educ., 526 U.S. at 651, 119 S.Ct. 1661. To be sure, “appalling conduct alleged in prior cases should not be taken to mark the boundary of what is actionable.” Whidbee v. Garzarelli Food Specialties, Inc., 223 F.3d 62, 70 (2d Cir. 2000) (internal quotation marks omitted). The trio of offensive emails here at issue, however, falls well short of the kind of harassment found actionable under Title IX. See, e.g., Davis v. Monroe County Bd. of Educ., 526 U.S. at 633-34, 119 S.Ct. 1661
(describing five-month “string of incidents,” including unwanted touching, directed at fifth-grade girl and resulting in sexual misconduct conviction); T.Z. v. City of New York, 634 F.Supp.2d 263, 271 (E.D.N.Y. 2009) (finding question of fact existed as to “pervasiveness” where seventh-grade plaintiff was held down by another student while third student removed her clothing and touched her inappropriately); Riccio v. New Haven Bd. of Educ., 467 F.Supp.2d 219, 227 (D.Conn. 2006) (finding question of fact existed as to whether harassment was severe and pervasive where eighth-grade plaintiff was subjected to sex-based name-calling “nearly every school day, in class, in-between classes, and at lunch,” sometimes “by more than a dozen students,” over eight-month period).[2] No different conclusion is warranted by plaintiffs’ assertion

Page 234

that “for three full months M.X. continually confronted S.S.” about the emails. Appellants’ Br. at 17. S.S. testified that she participated in an unknown number of “angry arguments” with M.X. via “on-line chat,” and that in May 2005 she and M.X. had one five-minute face-to-face conversation, never reported to the School District, during which M.X. denied sending the emails. No reasonable juror could conclude that such contacts amount to a “months-long campaign of intimidation and humiliation.” Appellants’ Reply at 5. Ultimately, plaintiffs’ Title IX claim rests on the emails, which, while lamentable, do not rise to the level of actionable sexual harassment under federal law.

Our conclusion that plaintiff has failed to demonstrate severe and pervasive harassment renders it unnecessary for us to reach defendants’ contention that the district court erred in identifying a triable question of fact as to whether they exhibited “deliberate indifference” to such harassment.

2. Equal Protection

Although an equal protection claim pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 may sometimes implicate a different standard than that applicable to Title IX claims, see Fitzgerald v. Barnstable Sch. Comm., ___ U.S. ___, ___, 129 S.Ct. 788, 797, 172 L.Ed.2d 582 (2009) (observing that “standards for establishing liability may not be wholly congruent”), here we agree with the district court that, to the extent plaintiffs’ § 1983 claim sounds in sexual harassment, it fails for the same reason as their parallel claim under Title IX, see Hayut v. State Univ. of N.Y., 352 F.3d 733, 744-45 (2d Cir. 2003) (noting that § 1983 sexual harassment claim was “governed by traditional Title VII `hostile environment’ jurisprudence” and considering frequency and severity of alleged misconduct).

Nor are we persuaded by plaintiffs’ contention that the district court overlooked their alternate theory of disparate treatment based on the School District’s less aggressive response to her complaints of sexual harassment than to a previous incident of race-based misconduct. In their brief opposing summary judgment, plaintiffs do cite the School District’s response to the racial incident as evidence of its deliberate indifference for Title IX purposes. But they allege only one variety of “constitutional violation[:] (sexual harassment via offensive email).” Pls.’ Mem. Opp. Summ. J. at 22. Accordingly, we decline to consider this argument raised for the first time on appeal. See Matar v. Dichter, 563 F.3d 9, 12 n. 4 (2d Cir. 2009).

We have considered plaintiffs’ remaining contentions, and we conclude that they are without merit.[3] The judgment of the district court is therefore AFFIRMED.

Page 235